What type of rule is typically established by local organizations rather than higher government bodies?

The correct answer is by-law. By-laws are specific rules or regulations created by local organizations, municipalities, or other governing bodies that operate at a local level. They often pertain to matters such as zoning, public safety, and local governance and are established in order to handle issues more directly relevant to the community they serve.

By-laws differ from standards, which are typically broader and may be established by higher government bodies or national organizations to ensure consistency across jurisdictions. Policies refer to overarching principles or strategies that guide decision-making within organizations, while guidelines are recommendations that help inform best practices but are not mandatory. By recognizing that by-laws are foundational local regulations formed by entities closer to the specific community needs, it clarifies their vital role in local governance and community management.